Original article here : http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/a-sustainable-model-for-small-and-marginal-ryots/article5240325.ece
Adilabad is one of the largest cotton growing districts
in the country. As a consumption oriented development model took root,
small farmers in the region took to cultivating cash crops like cotton,
to meet social needs beyond food requirements.
Monocropping
However,
over the last two decades, hunger for higher cotton yields gradually
transformed into a monocropping culture, in which farmers completely
stopped growing food crops and were growing only cotton, making Adilabad
one of the largest cotton growing districts in the country.
“This
appetite for higher yields, led to indiscriminate use of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides, devastating soil health in the process. Like
most other villages in the region, even here, small and marginal
farmers could not withstand the “mighty will” of the State to impose a
regime of subsidised chemical fertilizers and pesticides,” says Mr.
Ambadass Sonkamble, Block co-ordinator, Chetna Organic, Secunderabad.
Compromised
The
monocropping culture severely compromised on food security of small
farmers. In the years when crops failed, they were left with no cash and
had to depend on money lenders. Debts kept piling, pushing many farmers
over the brink. Today the region is a farmers’ suicide hotspot,
according to him. However, in this narrative of loss and despair there
is a story of hope that stands up like a candle in the dark.
Like
many others a tribal farmer Madavi Mahadu Patel in the village detested
the use of chemicals but was forced into the system. Productivity of
his land was declining every year and yields were low.
Traditional
wisdom and common sense told him that organic life in soil was critical
for healthy growth of crops. But the extension system was telling him
otherwise. It was a time when farmers in neighbouring villages were
committing suicides. The alarm bells were ringing — loud and clear.
Chetna organic
In
2004 as part of a Supply Chain Intervention Programme, Chetna Organic
initiated activities in neighbouring Choupanguda village, organising
farmers into self-help groups (SHG) and offered socio-technical and
marketing support for organic cotton.
Chetna was
organising Farmer Field Schools (FFS) training, workshops, field days
and demo plots to encourage farmers to take up soil and water
conservation measures, diversified cropping and mixed cropping practices
where food crops like jowar, paddy, red gram, vegetables, maize, green
gram and others could be grown alongside cotton.
Curiosity
Mr.
Patel was curious to know how realistic this approach was. Apparently,
this initiative seemed to address all his concerns — no chemicals,
improved soil fertility, low input costs, good income and food security
for the entire year.
Interested, he attended the
trainings, and what began as curiosity, transformed into a conviction
making him join Chetna Organic in 2005 as a member farmer.
Today,
his seven acre field is a manifestation of Chetna’ s vision. In six
acres he has created a model that can teach the world what sustainable
agriculture means, and how it can change the script for farmers with
small holdings.
In four acres, following
intercropping and mixed cropping patterns, the farmer grows a
combination of food crops and cash crops like cotton, wheat, maize,
groundnut and millets like jowar and sorghum. Legumes, vegetables like
tomato, brinjal, chilli, gourds, beans, onion, garlic and leafy
vegetables and oil seed crops are grown organically.
In
one acre teak and henna are planted. In the remaining acre mango,
guava, custard apple, berries and orange are grown. glyricidia, pongamia
and neem are also grown for mulching into the soil for biomass. Their
open well serves to irrigate the crops during summer and other seasons.
Mr.
Patel has devised a strategy to ward off contamination from hybrid
cotton crops to the ones grown in his field, an approach he feels is
critical to market his cotton at a higher price.
He
has created layers of shields, restricting the cotton crop to the inner
circle of the farm and surrounded it with trap crops like castor, okra
and marigold.
In the second circle he grows
vegetables and other crops and in the outermost periphery he grows trees
like Teak. This strategy has worked well for him and there has been no
contamination issue while the rest of the State was struggling with it.
Expansion
During
the year 2012-13 the family expanded their basket of income to include
fisheries. He was given 1,000 young fingerlings which after 180 days
yielded 30 kg fetching him Rs. 2,400 at Rs. 80 per kg.
The
remarkable aspect of this family has been that they have achieved all
this in an economically viable structure which is replicable without
large financial investments and dependence on local money lenders.
For
more details contact Mr. Patel at Goyagaom post, Goyagaom mandal,
Kerameri dist, Adilabad, Pin:504293 and Mr. Ambadass Sonkamble, block
co-ordinator, email: cofadas@gmail.com, Mobile: 9440599213, Plot:187,
Sree Sai Durga Nivas Street, No: 1, Tarnaka, Secunderabad.
